中国文学英译絮谈

沙枫

“满纸荒唐言”一诗四译

《红楼梦》第一回中,有这样的一段:

“后因曹雪芹于悼红轩中披阅十载,增删五次,纂成目录,分出章回,则题曰《金陵十二钗》。并题一绝。——即此便是《石头记》的缘起。诗云:

满纸荒唐言,一把辛酸泪!
都云作者痴,谁解其中味? ”

这一首诗,王际真在《红楼梦》英译本中,将之译成如下:

Pages full of unlikely words,
Handfuls of hot, bitter tears.
They call the author a silly fool,
For they know not what he means.

翟氏父子(Chu Chai and Winberg Chai)在“A Treasury of Chinese Literature”(《学思文粹》)一书中,将这首诗译成如下:

Pages full of fantastic words,
A handful of hot, bitter tears.
All call the author a silly fool,
But who knows what he really means?

是把王译每行都稍为改动一下,有所改进:第一行把“unlikely”改为“fantastic”;第二行把“Handfuls”改为“A handful”;第三行把“They”改为“All”;第四行改成问句。

在新近出版的“”一书中,英人 Hawkes 将这首诗译成如下:

Pages full of idle words
Penned with hot and bitter tears;
All men call the author fool,
None his secret message hears.

译来另有一功,第二句和第四句与上述两译大异其趣,而且押韵。

杨宪益夫妇也译了这首诗,见于鲁迅的《中国小说史略》英译本,译文如下:

Pages of fantasy
Tears of despair,
An author mocked as mad,
None lays his meaning bare.

译来简短有力,四行一气呵成,颇有译成“满纸荒唐一把泪,谁解其味都云痴”的味道。

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